Zhuravlev Yu.N., Reunova G.D., Kats I.L, Muzarok T.I.
В издании 10th International Symposium on Ginseng
Год: 2010 Страницы: 801-817
Background The natural habitat of wild P. ginseng is currently found only in the Russian Primorye and the populations are extremely exhausted and require restoration. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of an endangered species is a prerequisite for conservation. Methods Genetic variability and population structure of ten P. ginseng populations were investigated with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. The genetic relationships among P. ginseng plants and populations were delineated. Results The mean level of polymorphisms was 55.68% at the population level and 99.65% at the species level. The Shannon’s index ranged between 0.1602 and 0.3222 with an average of 0.2626 at the population level and 0.3967 at the species level. The total heterozygosity as measured using a Bayesian approach (program Hickory) was 0.2857. According to a Bayesian approach, the value of the inter-population variability (?B) was equal to 0.3634. The analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) showed a significant population structure in P. ginseng. The partition of genetic diversity with AMOVA suggested that the majority of the genetic variation (64.5%) was within populations of P. ginseng. The inter-population variability (?st) was approximately 36% of the total variability. Pair-wise genetic distances (pair-wise ?st) calculated from the AMOVA were highly significant. Interestingly, the genetic differentiation among P. ginseng habitats (?ct, i.e. among site variation) was no significant. The Mantel permutation test was used to correlate pair-wise ?st values with geographic distance. The genetic relationships among P. ginseng plants and populations were reconstructed by Minimum Spanning tree (MS-tree) on the basis of Euclidean distances with ARLEQUIN and NTSYS, respectively. The MS-trees obtained suggest that the southern Uss, Part and Nad populations and also Spa population may have promoted P. ginseng distribution throughout the Russian Primorye. Conclusion The P. ginseng populations in the Russian Primorye are significant in genetic diversity. The high variability demonstrates that the current genetic resources of P. ginseng populations have not been exposed to depletion.
