Markova T.O., Maslov M.V., Storozhenko S.Yu.
В журнале Entomological Review
Год: 2022 Том: 102 Номер: 8 Страницы: 1051–1057
The phenology of the earwig Forficula vicaria was studied in Primorskii Territory based on three-year observations in nature and in stationary cages. The species has a univoltine life cycle, with females and eggs overwintering in underground nests. The overwintered females protect their eggs and nymphs in spring, but later leave their nests and die in mid-June. The I instar nymphs appear since the middle third of May; the II instar nymphs, since the last third of May; the III instar nymphs, from the beginning of the middle third of June, and the IV instar nymphs, from the last third of June. The postembryonic development takes on average 65 days. Adult males appear in the beginning third of July, and adult females, in mid-July. Mating takes place from late August to mid-October, and oviposition, from late September to mid-October. The mean fecundity is about 60 eggs per female. Adults can be found on the soil surface and in natural shelters until the end of September. Males assist females in building the nests, but die after the first ground frost in October.
