Polokhin O.V.
Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований 2020; (12): 21-25
The paper considers the content, distribution of organic matter and composition of humus in autonomous and heteronomous soils on a two-tier dump of the man-made landscape of the Pavlovsk coal mine during self-growth. It is established that the origin of organic matter in Autonomous soils is autochthonous. The humus type is humate-fulvate. The degree of humification decreases with depth from medium to weak. It can be assumed that the processes of decomposition of organic matter and the formation of humic acids occur rather slowly and there is an accumulation of mostly slightly decomposed plant residues. The reserves of organic matter and its accumulation rate are also low. Soils are sharply differentiated by the content of organic matter. It is shown that in heteronomous soils of transit-accumulative zones, the thickness of the litter is greater than in autonomous ones. The content of organic matter in the coarse-humus horizon reaches 4 % and decreases to 1.74 % in the transition horizon. Humus is humate-fulphate. The degree of humification, the rate of humus accumulation, and organic matter reserves are higher than in Autonomous soils. Humus has a dual nature of origin, not only autochthonous, but also allochthonous. New species appear in the vegetation, including cereals. The processes of pedogenic transformation of the original rock affect deeper layers. Indicators of heteronomous soils of accumulative positions are located between the corresponding values for autonomous soils and soils of transit-accumulative positions. At the early stages of evolution, the highest rate of evolution is observed in heteronomous soils of transit-accumulative and accumulative positions of the emerging technogenic catena. The content of organic matter increases with increasing time of soil formation in the emerging soils in comparison with the initial amount of lithogenic organic matter. This is a confirmation of its pedogenic origin.
