Year: 2020, Number: 1, Pages: 39-61
Field and analytical works made it possible to specify the composition of the soil cover in the western and southwestern part of the Khankaiskiy Nature Reserve and adjacent territories (Primorye Territory). 6 soil types belonging to 2 soil orders have been described in this region, and their morphology and physicochemical properties have been studied. Several major pedogenic processes predominate: humus-accumulative process, leaching, bleaching, argillization, gleying, and solodization. Each subtype of soils characteristic of a particular set of elementary soil processes that identifies the uniqueness of the physico-chemical properties, which is reflected in the morphological structure of the profile. Typical burozems (AY–BM–C) are formed on elevated elements of topography under broadleaved forests growing on well-drained loose gravelly substrat reserve buffer zone. Podzolised-brownzems (AY–(AELnn)–BEL–BT–C) are formed on elevated elements of topography on the upslope and middle slope positions. These soils develop under the canopy of broadleaved (alder, oak) or mixed forests from loamy or clayey parent materials with the low infiltration capacity in reserve buffer zone. Alluvial meadow soils (AY–Bg–Cg) are formed in mesodepressions of floodplains under forb–reed grass–sedge meadows and willow trees. Dark-humus gley soils (AU–G(BG) – CG) are found in the hollows on the slopes of local ridges and develop under conditions of impeded drainage and seasonal overmoistening of the soil under sedge–reed grass, or forb–reed grass meadows and heavy-textured parent materials. Mucky gley soils (H–BG–CG) are widespread in the reserve. They are formed in floodplains in shallow depressions of relief on alluvial deposits of heavy under marsh vegetation, sometimes under willow. Experiencing constant waterlogging. Aquasemes Акваземы (AUaq–BGaq) are developed in constant flooding under sedge bogs, on the site of abandoned rice systems, under the swamps on the rocks of heavy texture. Hydromorphic soils, both natural and disturbed as a result of anthropogenic activity, predominate in the soil cover of the ―Crane‖ and ―Devil's Swamp‖ sections. Some soils that are missing in the new classification system of Russian soils were identified. It is suggested that they should be included in this classification system.